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History of Chinese Australians
The history of Chinese Australians provides a unique chapter in the history of Australia. The country has a long history of contact with China, some of which may even predate Captain Cook's arrival in the 18th century. Chinese peoples are now considered to be the oldest continuous immigrants to Australia outside of those from Great Britain. However it was during the Australian Gold Rushes that vast numbers of Chinese made their way to Australia. This migration shaped and influenced Australian policy for over a hundred years. Racist fears about Chinese migration was one of the driving factors behind the Australian Federation. Despite these attitudes and restrictions many people with Chinese heritage have left their mark on Australian History.
==Earliest Chinese contact with Australia: pre-1848==
Some historians have theorised that Northern Indigenous Australians may even have had dealings with Chinese traders or come across Chinese goods particularly through trepanging. Gavin Menzies put forward the idea that Chinese fleets from the Ming dynasty may have found Australia but his views are widely disputed. Sir Joseph Banks was of the opinion that any British colony in Australia could be populated by 'useful inhabitants from China'.〔Eric Rolls (1992). Sojourners: flowers and the wide sea. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-2478-2, pg 18〕 The first official undisputed link between China and Australia comes from the very beginning of the colony of New South Wales. The First Fleet ships, Scarborough, Charlotte and Lady Penrhyn, after dropping off their convict load, sailed for Canton to buy tea and other goods to sell on their return to England.〔Eric Rolls (1992). Sojourners: flowers and the wide sea. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-2478-2, pg 19〕 The Bigge Report attributed the high level of tea drinking to 'the existence of an intercourse with China from the foundation of the Colony …' Many British East India Company ships used Australia as a port of call on their trips to and from buying tea from China. That the ships carrying such cargo had Chinese crew members is likely and that some of the crew and possibly passengers embarked at the port of Sydney is probable. Certainly by 1818, Mak Sai Ying (also known as John Shying) had arrived and after a period of farming became, in 1829, the publican of ''The Lion'' in Parramatta. John Macarthur, a prominent pastoralist, employed three Chinese people on his properties in the 1820s and records may well have neglected others.〔Eric Rolls (1992). Sojourners: flowers and the wide sea. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-2478-2, pg 32〕 Another way ethnic Chinese made it to Australia was from the new British possessions of Malaysia and Singapore.
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